The zip-folder contains seven separate UTF-8 encoded csv-files containing data for all collected variables. Data types are indicated at the end of each variable description. Variables' units and data types are also listed below at the end of this file. Data were recorded from April to October 2020 in three habitats "Botanical Garden Jena (Central Germany)" = BG, "Semi-dry grassland" = SDG, and "Mesophilic grassland" = MG, all locations are around Jena, Thuringia, Central Germany.
Sites have unique namings resulting from the habitat and an identifier for each site (e.g. MG_E1 means mesophilic grassland Experiment 1 while SDG_J2 means semi-dry grassland Jenzig 2). Within the site "BG" four positions of the species beds were specified: Ecology 1, Ecology 2, Goethe garden and System, based on their location in the BG.

1.) Deilmann_etal_2022_environmental_conditions.csv
Environmental parameters, structured by Habitat, Site, and Plot. Abbreviations and data type are as follows:
Habitat = the habitat the population was located in: Botanical Garden (BG), mesophilic grassland (MG), semi-dry grassland (SDG); string
Site = within a grassland habitat, 6 sites were chosen each as replicates while in BG, the Site corresponds to the Habitat and is more specified in "Plot"; string
BG_pos = the assignment of data loggers to take for calculation of precise environmental conditions. For grasslands, it is identical to "Site", in the botanical garden are four different positions since there were four different loggers to account for within-garden variation. They refer to areas in the botanical garden: Oeko1 = Ecology upper terrace, Oeko2 = Ecology lower terrace, GG = Goethe garden, Sys = Systematic/taxonomic area; string
Plot = plot naming of the repetitions for environmental conditions. They are numbers 1 to 5 in the grassland sites or the species name for the species beds in the botanical garden; string
mean_SoMo = mean soil moisture over the year; double
mean_LAI = mean leaf area index over the year; double
mean_temperature = mean_temperature over the year; double
mean_relative_humidity = mean relative humidity over the year; double
Exposition = for plots located at slopes, it represents the exposition in degrees while for plains it is considered 0; integer
Inclination = for plots located at slopes, it represents the measured inclination in degrees while for plains it is considered 0; double
soil_depth = measured soil depth in centimetres with a soil depth stick being capped at 100 cm; double
soil_C = soil carbon content; double
soil_N = soil nitrogen content; double
soil_S = soil sulphur content; double
soil_CN_ratio = soil carbon:nitrogen ratio; double
pH = soil pH; double
electric_conductivity = soil electric_conductivity; double
management = the number of grazing or mowing events on SDG and MG, respectively; integer
EIV_L_plot_weight, EIV_T_plot_weight, EIV_K_plot_weight, EIV_F_plot_weight, EIV_R_plot_weight, and EIV_N_plot_weight contain community weighted mean Ellenberg indicator values (EIV) for light (L), temperature (T), continentality (K), soil moisture (F), soil reaction (R), and nutrients (N), respectively; all double
Missing values (NA) for EIV result from the calculation of EIV which is done based on occurring species, so in BG, where no vegetation surveys have be conducted because the only species in the species bed was the one observed, no EIV could be calculated.

2.) Deilmann_etal_2022_temperature_humidity.csv
Abbreviations and data types are as follows:
doy = day of the year 2020; integer
variable = relative humidity (rh) or temperature (temp); string
value = data on relative humidity and temperature of the HOBO U23 Pro v2 data loggers, shown as means for each day of the year (doy) per Site; double
NA values result from not predictable data gaps being mainly at the very beginning or end of the logging period. NAs values are included because of the necessity of the same length of data values for all Sites with BG as reference. 

3.) Deilmann_etal_2022_vegetation_surveys.csv
Vegetation survey data, structured by point of time, Habitat, Site, and Plot. Shown are species triplet names, growth form and their recorded abundance (=species cover) for a 2x2 m² plot.
Abbreviations and data types are as follows:
Time = month of data record; string
Species_abbreviation = species triplet consisting of the first three letters of genus and species names. Exceptions are individuals which belong to an aggregate in which case an "agg." is added to the triplet, and individuals which could not be determined to species level and which are therefore stated as complete genus name and sp. (e.g., Acer sp.) or which could not be determined at all being referred to as morphospecies in the respective habitat (e.g., M1_MG); string
growth_form = growth form of the plant species; string
Abundance = species cover for a 2x2 m² plot in percent; double 

4.) Deilmann_etal_2022_functional_traits.csv
Plant functional traits for each species, structured by Habitat, Site, species and Individuals. 
Abbreviations and data types are as follows:
Individual = number of individual repetition for which the functional trait was measured; integer
calculated_mean = variable identifying trait values that were calculated as the mean of recorded data of the very same population due to missing repetitions, indicated by 0 (not calculated) and 1 (calculated); integer
flowers_m2 = flowers per square meter; double
flower_ind = flowers per individual; double
veg_height = vegetative height; double
gen_height = generative height; double
long_flower_dimension = longest flower dimension; double
leaf_thick = leaf thickness; double
LDMC = leaf dry matter content; double
SLA = specific leaf area; double
flower_colour = respective colour of the flower; string
sucrose_ind = sucrose content per individual flower; double
poll_type = pollination type; string
leaf_C = leaf carbon content; double
leaf_N = leaf nitrogen content; double
leaf_CN = leaf carbon:nitrogen ratio; double

pollination type abbreviations taken from BioFlor data base: in = insect, wi = wind, ge = geitonogamy, se = self pollination.

NA values result from impossible measurements

5.) Deilmann_etal_2022_phenology.csv
Phenological data on a weekly basis from 26.3.2020 to 27.10.2020, structured by Habitat, Site, and species.
Abbreviations and data types are as follows:
peak_flowering = occurrence of flowering peak within a population (= species per site in grasslands, and species bed in BG, "n" = no, "y" = yes); string
flower_intensity = intensity of flowering within a population; double
ripe_fruit = presence of a ripe fruit within a population ("n" = no, "y" = yes); string
senescence_intensity = intensity of senesced plants within a population; double
Date = Date of data recording in the format YYYY-MM-DD; Date
week = calender isoweek of data recording; integer
DOY = day of the year 2020; integer
maintenance = additional information on management of grassland sites and species beds in BG. For instance, "grazed" and "mown" (both for grasslands only) or "cut" and "partly" cut (only in BG) ; string
remarks = comments on data recording; string
NA values result from missing species in the respective Site (e.g., Lotus corniculatus in BG) or due to management (mowing, grazing) that prevented data recording


6.) Deilmann_etal_2022_phenological_traits.csv
Phenological trait data, derived from 5.), structured by Habitat, Site, and species.
Trait abbreviations and data types are as follows:
FI_max = maximum flowering intensity; integer
FFD = first flowering day; integer
FD5 = flowering duration with at least 5% flowering; integer
LS5 = day of 5% leaf senescence; integer
LS50 = day of 50% leaf senescence; integer
FRF = day of the first ripe fruit; integer
NA values result from missing data in the respective Site

7.) Deilmann_etal_2022_species_names.csv
Species abbreviations and their full names, from weekly phenological observations and vegetation surveys. E.g., Ach_mil = Achillea millefolium
Column names and data types are as follows:
species_abbreviation = Species abbreviation in triplet format, based on the first three letters of both the genus and the species. Unidentified species were named with genus triplet + sp. or if only identified as Morphospecies, then called "M"; string
full_name = Full species names consisting of complete genus and species names. Unidentified species were named with genus name + sp. or if only identified as morphospecies, then called "Morphospecies"; string




Units:

Variable		Unit					data_type
ID			-					string
Habitat			-					string
Site			-					string
BG_pos			-					string
Plot			-					string
species			-					string
Species_abbreviation	-					string
Time			-					string
growth_form		-					string
Individual		-					integer
Abundance		%					double
flowers_m2		number per square meter			double
flower_ind		number					double
plant_width		cm					double
veg_height		cm					double
gen_height		cm					double
long_flow_dim		cm					double
leaf_thick		mm					double
LDMC			mg/g					double
SLA			mm²/mg					double
flower_colour		-					string
sucrose_ind		mg					double
poll_type		-					string
leaf_C			%					double
leaf_N			%					double
leaf_CN_ratio		-					double
relative_humidity	%					double
temperature		°C					double
mean_SoMo		%vol					double
mean_LAI		-					double
mean_temperature	°C					double
mean_relative_humidity	%					double
Exposition		°					integer
Inclination		°					integer
soil_depth		cm					double
soil_C			%					double
soil_N			%					double
soil_S			%					double
soil_CN_ratio		-					double
pH			-					double
electric_conductivity	µS/cm					double
management		number					integer
EIV_L_plot_weight	-					double
EIV_T_plot_weight	-					double
EIV_K_plot_weight	-					double
EIV_F_plot_weight	-					double
EIV_R_plot_weight	-					double
EIV_N_plot_weight	-					double
peak_flowering		binary					string
flower_intensity	%					double
ripe_fruit		binary					string
senescence_intensity	%					double
Date			YYYY-MM-DD				Date
week			isocalender week 2020			integer
DOY			day of the year 2020			integer
FI_max			%					integer
FFD			DOY					integer
FD5			days					integer
LS5			DOY					integer
LS50			DOY					integer
FRF			DOY					integer


For questions regarding the data set, please contact till.jonathan.deilmann@uni-jena.de
